Vacuum condenser is a type of heat exchanger used primarily in power plants, refrigeration systems, and industrial processes to condense vapor (usually steam) into liquid by removing latent heat under vacuum conditions. The vacuum lowers the boiling point of the fluid, improving efficiency in heat transfer and energy recovery.

Key Features of a Vacuum Condenser:

Operates Under Low Pressure (Vacuum):

Reduces the condensation temperature, improving thermal efficiency.

Commonly used in steam turbines to maximize energy extraction.

Heat Transfer Mechanism:

Vapor (e.g., exhaust steam from a turbine) passes over cooled tubes.

Heat is transferred to a cooling medium (water or air), causing condensation.

Applications:

Power Plants: Condenses exhaust steam from turbines to maintain vacuum and improve cycle efficiency.

Refrigeration & HVAC: Used in vacuum cooling systems.

Chemical & Petrochemical Industries: Condenses vapors in distillation processes.

Desalination Plants: Helps in vapor compression distillation.