Shell:

The shell is a large cylindrical vessel, usually made of metal such as steel.

It provides the outer housing for the condenser and contains the fluid that needs to be cooled or condensed.

The shell has inlet and outlet ports for the flow of fluids.

Tubes:

Inside the shell are a series of smaller tubes, usually made of copper or other heat-conductive materials.

These tubes are arranged in a bundle, often running the entire length of the shell.

The hot vapor or fluid that needs to be condensed flows through these tubes.

Tubes are typically arranged in a way to maximize surface area contact with the cooling fluid.

Applications:

Refrigeration Systems

Power Plants

Chemical Processing

Oil Refining

HVAC Systems